In Webster's New World Dictionary (3rd college edition), the word "prevent” is defined as acting in anticipation of an event. It also means to keep from happening by prior action; to hinder. There currently are many clinical studies and medical suggestions concerning how to prevent, stop and/or lower the risk of (commonly known as, protective factors) the development of malignant tumors in breast cells called breast cancer.
With studies indicating that 13 out of every 100 women (13% lifetime risk) in the United States are at risk of developing breast cancer, it is imperative that each woman educates herself to become aware of her predisposition to the disease and act speedily to implement recommended avoidances that lie within her control.
Preventive Measures Against Breast Cancer Development
Following are seven major protective factors that may act as preventive measures against the development of breast cancer. They are:
Mammogram
A mammogram is an X-ray image taken of each breast of a woman by a special machine and film used for breast tissue only; a technician usually facilitates this process. Mammograms are considered the best defense in detecting early signs and stages of breast cancer. They are typically taken during routine physical exams (often referred to as screenings) or to evaluate unusual breast changes previously detected.
Depending on a woman's risk level, average or high, a doctor may recommend that mammogram screenings begin at age 40 or earlier, for every one to two years or sooner.
Diet
Eating a low-fat diet that is rich in antioxidants, high in fiber, and contains five servings of fruits/vegetables (green leafy) on a daily basis is highly suggested to ward off diseases, infections, and maintain a healthy weight. A strict moderation of less than one drink per day of alcohol consumption is also recommended.
Exercise
Not only is physical exercise extremely important for preventing heart disease and osteoporosis, but participating in some activity(ies) for at least 30 minutes a day may also help lower the threat of breast cancer. Exercise decreases hormonal levels, one of the primary instigators for growth of the disease.
Breast Self-Examinations
Beginning by age 20, every woman should perform breast self-exams to check for any unusual changes such as lumps, thickenings, masses, or seepage from the nipple(s). This should by done on a monthly basis (at minimum) and typically one week after a menstrual cycle when breasts are no longer tender or swollen.
Any noticeable changes should immediately be reported to a physician.
Estrogen/Progesterone Hormones
Limiting or completely eliminating use of postmenopausal hormone therapy is essential. If a prescribed medication is absolutely necessary, then the lowest dose taken for the shortest amount of time should be chosen in conjunction with a doctor’s expert opinion.
Decreasing the amount of time a woman’s breast tissue is exposed to estrogen is also paramount and may occur in the following ways:
- menopause: Menstrual cycles completely stop and ovaries produce very little estrogen.
- late menstruation: Starting menstrual cycles after age 14 or older has the same affect as beginning menopause at an earlier versus later age.
- ovarian ablation: Having one or both ovaries removed substantially decreases the amount of estrogen produced.
Vitamins
Specific vitamins, vitamin supplements, and vegetables containing antioxidants have been proven to offer protection against and help reduce the risk of multiple types of cancers, including breast cancer. Vitamins C, E, A, D, folic acid, and selenium are highly regarded for cancer prevention.
Vitamins are typically recognized as "disease fighters," but should never be used alone as replacements for medication prescribed by a physician.
Environment
Although not 100% conclusive, environmental hazards and pesticides may potentially cause breast cancer. Some household cleaning products, shampoos, perfumes, toiletries and body lotions contain chemicals that actually react like estrogen once in the body. These are called estrogen mimics. When excessively multiplied, these chemicals may increase the likelihood of a breast cancer diagnosis.
Researching and determining which products work best with the least amount of exposure to unsafe chemicals is the best decision for taking preventive action against potential breast cancer concerns.
Breast Cancer Education Lowers Risk
As women become more aware by educating themselves and implementing recommended life changes, they potentially lower their susceptibility of developing breast cancer. And, substantially increasing protective factors combined with avoiding risk factors serve as strong, possibly life-saving, preventive measures.
References:
Love, M.D., Susan M., and Lindsey Karen. Dr. Susan Love's Breast Book. Reading: Perseus Books, 1995.
Loecher, Barbara, O’Donnell, Sam Altshal and Editors of Prevention Health Books. Women’s Choices in Natural Healing. Emmaus: Rodale Press Inc., 1998.
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